2.2.3 Development Procedures

The actual procedures used to develop the application are described below.

1) Creating the Project for the Web Application

Select [File] > [New] > [Project] from the menu bar to display the [New Project] wizard.

Select [Web] > [Dynamic Web Project] from the [New Project] wizard, then click [Next].

Check and enter the following setup items:

Setup Items	Setup Content
Project name	WebSample
Target Runtime	Interstage Application Server V11.1 IJServer Cluster (Java EE)
Dynamic Web Module version	2.5
Configuration	Default Configuration for Interstage Application Server V11.1 IJServer Cluster (Java EE)
EAR Membership	Do not select

Set the information, then click [Next].The Web Module page is displayed.

Check and enter the following setup items. After the following information is set, click [Finish].

Parameter	Setting
Context Root	WebSample
Content Directory	WebContent
Java Source Directory	src
Generate deployment descriptor	Select

2) Creating the Java Classes

2-1) Creating the Data Class

Create a data class that stores the country name and total population information, and gets information. To create the data class, select the created project, then right-click to display the context menu. Select [New] > [Class] from the context menu. The [New Java Class] wizard is displayed.

Check and enter the following setup items. After the following information is set, click [Finish].

Parameter	Setting
Source folder	WebSample/src
Package	sample
Name	CountryData

The following source file is generated:

Source file	Description
CountryData.java	Data class

Implement the processing for storing the country names and total populations. Add the places shown in red below to the source.

Data Class Implementation (CountryData.java)

package sample;

public class CountryData {

    private String countryName;
    private int totalPopulation;

    public CountryData(String name, int total) {
        setCountryName(name);
        setTotalPopulation(total);
    }

    public String getCountryName() {
        return countryName;
    }

    public void setCountryName(String countryName) {
        this.countryName = countryName;
    }

    public int getTotalPopulation() {
        return totalPopulation;
    }

    public void setTotalPopulation(int totalPopulation) {
        this.totalPopulation = totalPopulation;
    }

}

Point

After the fields are added, and while the class is in the selected state, [Source] > [Generate Getters and Setters] can be selected from the menu to add getter/setter.

2-2) Creating the Logic Class

To create the logic class, select the created project, then right-click to display the context menu. Select [New] > [Class] from the context menu. The [New Java Class] wizard is displayed.

Check and enter the following setup items. After the following information is set, click [Finish].

Parameter	Setting
Source folder	WebSample/src
Package	sample
Name	PopulationRanking

The following source file is generated.

Source file	Description
PopulationRanking.java	Logic class

Implement the processing for entering the ranking and returning the country name and total population. Add the places shown in red below to the source.

Logic Class Implementation (PopulationRanking.java)

package sample;

public class PopulationRanking {

    private CountryData[] countries;

    public PopulationRanking(){

        countries = new CountryData[]{
            new CountryData("China",1330000000),
            new CountryData("India",1140000000),
            new CountryData("U.S.A.",300000000),
            new CountryData("Indonesia",230000000),
            new CountryData("Brazil",190000000),
            new CountryData("Pakistan",160000000),
            new CountryData("Bangladesh",150000000),
            new CountryData("Russia",140000000),
            new CountryData("Nigeria",140000000),
            new CountryData("Japan",130000000)
        };

    }

    public CountryData getCountryData(int rank) {
        --rank;
        if (rank < 0 || rank >= countries.length) {
            return null;
        }

        return countries[rank];
    }

}

3) Creating the Servlet Class

3-1) Creating the Pattern for the Servlet Class

To create the servlet class pattern, select the created project, then right-click to display the context menu. Select [New] > [Servlet] from the context menu. The [Create Servlet] wizard is displayed.

Check and enter the following setup items. After the following information is set, click [Next].

Parameter	Setting
Web project	WebSample
Source folder	\WebSample\src
Java package	sample
Class name	ServletController
Superclass	javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet

Check the following setup items then, without changing anything, click [Next].

Parameter	Setting
Name	ServletController
URL Mappings	/ServletController

Check and enter the following setup items. After the following information is set, click [Finish].

Parameter	Setting
Modifiers	Public
Which method stubs would you like to create?	Constructors from superclass Inherited abstract methods doPost (remove the doGet check)

The following source file is generated.

Source file	Description
ServletController.java	Servlet class

Point

With the wizard, web.xml servlet mapping definitions are also added at the same time. As a result, editing of web.xml is not required in this application. If editing of web.xml is required for a reason other than servlet mapping definitions, refer to "2.3.8 Editing the web.xml".

3-2) Implementing the Servlet Class

Add the places shown in red in the created servlet class to the source.

Servlet Class (ServletController.java)

package sample;

import java.io.IOException;

import javax.servlet.RequestDispatcher;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

/**
 * Servlet implementation class ServletController
 *
 */
public class ServletController extends HttpServlet {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    /**
     * @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet()
     */
    public ServletController() {
        super();
    }

    /**
     * @see jHttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
     */
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        request.setCharacterEncoding("ISO-8859-1");
        ServletContext sc = getServletContext();

        // Get the type of file to be invoked.
        String mode = request.getParameter("mode");
        if (mode != null && mode.equals("top")) {
            // Invoke the Input page HTML file.
            RequestDispatcher inRd = getServletContext().getRequestDispatcher("/default.jsp");
            inRd.forward(request, response);
            return;
        }

        int rank;

        // Input check
        try {
            rank = Integer.parseInt(request.getParameter("rank"));
        } catch (NumberFormatException e){
            RequestDispatcher errRd = sc.getRequestDispatcher("/error.jsp");
            errRd.forward(request, response);
            return;
        }

        PopulationRanking pop = new PopulationRanking();
        CountryData country = pop.getCountryData(rank);

        // Check the obtained value.
        if(country == null){
            RequestDispatcher errRd = sc.getRequestDispatcher("/error.jsp");
            errRd.forward(request, response);
            return;
        }

        sc.setAttribute("ranking", country);

        RequestDispatcher outRd = sc.getRequestDispatcher("/result.jsp");
        outRd.forward(request, response);

    }
}

Point

After the required implementation is coded, right-click on the Java editor, then select [Source] > [Organize Imports] from the context menu. The import statement that is appropriate for the class path that was set in the project can then be inserted.

4) Creating the I/O Page

4-1) Creating the Input Page Pattern

Create the pattern for the JSP file that will be the input page. To create the JSP, select the created project, then right-click to display the context menu. Select [New] > [JSP] from the context menu. The [New JavaServer Page] wizard is displayed.

Check and enter the following setup items. After the following information is set, click [Next].

Parameter	Setting
Enter or select the parent folder	WebSample/WebContent
File name	default.jsp

Enter the following setup items, then click [Finish] - JSP is displayed.

Parameter	Setting
Use JSP Template	Check
Name	New JSP file (HTML)

4-2) Editing the Input Page

Modify the character strings shown in red in the created JSP file. For details on editing a JSP file, refer to "2.3.4.2 Editing the JSP File".

Input Page (default.jsp)

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"
    pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
<title>World ranking for total population</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Input page</h1>
<p>Enter a ranking from 1 to 10.</p>
<p></p>
<form action="ServletController" method="post">
    Rank:<br>
    <input name="rank" type="text" size="10">Rank<br>
    <p></p>
    <input type="submit" value="OK">
    <input type="reset" value="Clear">
</form>

</body>
</html>

Point

JSP files are associated with the JSP editor by default, but a Web Page editor that enables editing while checking the design and layout can also be used. To select an editor, select the JSP file, then select [Open With] > [Web Page Editor] from the context menu. For details on editing using a Web Page editor, refer to "2.3.5 Graphically Editing the HTML/JSP Files".

4-3) Creating the Output Page Pattern

Use the wizard, in the same way as for the input page, to create the JSP file.

Enter the following values, then click [Finish]. The initial values can be used for the items not shown in the table.

Parameter	Setting
Enter or select the parent folder	WebSample/WebContent
File name	result.jsp

4-4) Editing the Output Page

Modify the character strings shown in red in the created JSP file.

Output Page (result.jsp)

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"
    pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
<title>World ranking for total population</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Output page</h1>

Total population ranking${param.rank} rank is "${applicationScope.ranking.countryName}"<br>
Total population is ${applicationScope.ranking.totalPopulation} people.
<br>
<hr>
<form action="ServletController" method="post">
    <input type="submit" value="Back to input page">
    <input type="hidden" name="mode" value="top">
</form>

</body>
</html>

4-5) Creating the Error Page Pattern

Use the wizard, in the same way as for the input page, to create the JSP file.

Enter the following values, then click [Finish]. The initial values can be used for the items not shown in the table.

Parameter	Setting
Enter or select the parent folder	WebSample/WebContent
File name	error.jsp

4-6) Editing the Error Page

Modify the character strings shown in red in the created JSP file.

Error Page (error.jsp)

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"
    pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
<title>World ranking for total population</title>
</head>
<body>

<h1>Error page</h1>
The entered ranking is not in the specified range, or a server error occurred.<br>
<br>
<hr>
<form action="ServletController" method="post">
    <input type="submit" value="Back to input page">
    <input type="hidden" name="mode" value="top">
</form>

</body>
</html>

5) Verifying the Application Behavior

5-1) Associate the project with a server

Select a server from the Servers view, then select [Add and Remove Projects] from the context menu.
Select the project from the available projects, then click [Add]. Check that the dynamic Web project has been added to the configured projects.

Check the following setup items, then click [Finish].

Parameter	Setting
Configured projects	WebSample
If server is started, publish changes immediately	Select

Point

If the deployment destination server in the Servers view is not registered, then it must be added. For details on how to do that, refer to "6.2.6 Checking Application Behavior".

5-2) Setting Breakpoints

Set a breakpoint at the first line of the doPost() method of the servlet class. To set or delete a breakpoint, double-click the vertical ruler on the left-hand edge of the editor.

Point

Similarly, breakpoints can be set in JSP files using the JSP editor. However, breakpoints can be set only in lines that have JSP tags (breakpoints cannot be set in parts that have HTML tags or similar).

Note

If breakpoints are set in a JSP file, execution is also interrupted for JSP files with the same name in different folders.

5-3) Launching the Server

Select a server from the Servers view, then select [Restart in Debug] from the context menu.

Point

Even if [Restart in Debug] or [Connect(Debug Launch)/Login] is implemented prior to deployment, debugging is not possible.

Check the following information in the Servers view:

Item to Check	Contents to Check
Server state	Debugging
Server status	Synchronized
WAR file (WebSample) state	Synchronized

5-4) Executing the Application

In the Servers view, select the deploying project, then from the context menu, select [Web browser]. The Web browser is started, and the input window is opened.

Parameter	Setting
URL of the input page	http://localhost/WebSample/

Enter a ranking in the [Rank:] input field, then click [OK].

Point

The user can select the project, then select [Run As] > [Run on Server] or [Debug As] > [Debug on Server] from the context menu to add the server, add the project, launch the server, and then launch the client all together.
In addition, the Web browser used as the client can be changed by selecting [Window] > [Web Browser] from the menu.

5-5) Debugging the Application

The applications runs and is interrupted at the breakpoints. Check the value of variable by Variables view. Select [Run] > [Step Over] from the menu and check the program state in the Variables view. For debug details, refer to "6.2.6.1 Debugging".

Point

In addition to checking values, values can be changed from the Variables view.

Processing that has been interrupted by the debugger can be restarted by selecting [Run] > [Resume] from the menu. This allows the processing on the server side to complete so that the output page is displayed on the Web browser. Check that the country name and total population are displayed for the entered ranking.

6) Distributing the Application to the Operating Environment

A WAR file must be created in order to distribute the application to the operating environment. Use the server distribution function to distribute the created WAR file to the server.

6-1) Exporting the Application

The WAR file is created with the Export wizard. To launch the Export wizard, select [File] > [Export]. From [Export] wizard, select [Web] > [WAR file].

The WAR Export wizard is displayed.

Check and enter the following setup items. After the following information is set, click [Finish].

Parameter	Setting
Web project	Specify the dynamic Web application project.
Destination	Specify the creation destination for the WAR file.

6-2) Distributing to the Operating Environment

The application can be deployed from a remote environment to the operating environment by logging in to the Interstage Java EE Admin Console at the operating environment and by specifying a local WAR file.